Biosensors

Class schedule

	Class schedule	HW assignments (Including preparation and review of the class.)	Amount of Time Required
1.	Concept of biosensors We outline the concept of biosensors containing those of historical background. The typical structure of a biosensor is an integrated product utilizing biological components and transducers.	Nothing	100minutes
2.	Fundamental technique for biosensors The performance of the biosensor often depends on how well the biological components are combined to the transducers. This technique is also referred to as “immobilization of biological components” or “interfacial design”. We outline about it.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
3.	Sensory organs (1) photo sensors The eyes of vertebrates are sensory organs which have precise structures, and rods and cones in retina are very sensitive photoreceptors. We outline the mechanism of vision from the viewpoint of physiology and biochemistry.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
4.	Sensory organs (2) chemical sensors Olfaction and gestation are the senses based on chemoreceptors. The structures and functions of the chemoreceptors which function in these senses are similar to those of chemoreceptors of neurons. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms of these senses are outlined.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
5.	Chemoreceptors on cell surface Most of the cells including neurons communicate each other by means of chemical signals. The structures and functions of chemoreceptors on the cell surface are described on molecular level.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
6.	Signal transduction in cell External signals received by the receptors are transduced to intracellular signals. We discuss the molecular mechanism of signal transduction and the elements required for sensors.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
7.	Enzyme biosensors (1) Enzymes have excellent molecular recognition and catalysis. We outline biosensors using enzymes.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
8.	Enzyme biosensors (2) Glucose sensors for diabetes patients are one of the most popular of enzyme biosensors. We outline glucose sensors. We focus on the mediator, which is the effective electron transfer caused by enzymatic reaction.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
9.	Antibody biosensors (1) We outline biosensors for the detection of biospecific interaction such as antigen-antibody, receptor-ligand, and nucleic base pair association.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
10.	Antibody biosensors (2) We outline one system, BIAcore developed by BIAcore AB (Uppsala, Sweden) into a widely used commercial instrument for biospecific interaction. This system adopts surface plasmon resonance effects.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
11.	DNA biosensors The human genome encodes approximately 100,000 different genes. DNA (gene) chip, which is microarrays of immobilized DNA or oligonucleotides, enable the short periods and simple detection of DNA diagnosis. We outline DNA chip.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
12.	Microbial biosensors Not only biomolecules but whole microbial are used in the sensing element for biosensors. We outline microbial biosensors e.g. BOD (biological oxygen demand) sensor, which is the value for environmental pollution.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
13.	Micro-biosensors We outline micro-biosensors fabricated by semiconductor microtechnique or micromachining. Several advantages for micro-biosensors are (1) micro-biosensors allow small features to be measured, providing extremely high spatial resolution. (2) A small amount of measurement volumes is possible while retaining relatively high concentrations of original sample.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
14.	Biomimetic sensors We outline biomimetic sensors. Sensing element is artificial elements, which mimic the biological component such as enzymes or antibodies. The element has some advantages under industrial application.	Give instructions on the before lecture	100minutes
Total.	-	-	1400minutes

	1	Total.
1.	30%	30%
2.	30%	30%
3.	40%	40%
Total.	100%	-