Course title
G08362013
Biosensors

muguruma hitoshi Click to show questionnaire result at 2017
Course description
Biosensor is a highly sensitive and specific sensor created by mimicking the mechanism of living organisms to receive and recognize external physical and chemical signals (sense).
Purpose of class
This course presents the molecular mechanisms of senses and also describes the principle of biosensor to detect and quantify a certain molecule. Biosensor recognizes the molecule by the detector element consisting of materials such as enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids and cells, and the physicochemical change on the elements is transduced to electronic signal. We also present the application of biosensor to medicine, chemical engineering and the assessment of environments.
Goals and objectives
  1. Comprehension for fundamental of biomaterials and biosystems
  2. Comprehension for concept of biosensors
  3. Comprehension for application of biosensors
Language
English
Class schedule

Class schedule HW assignments (Including preparation and review of the class.) Amount of Time Required
1. Concept of biosensors
We outline the concept of biosensors containing those of historical background. The typical structure of a biosensor is an integrated product utilizing biological components and transducers.
Nothing 100minutes
2. Fundamental technique for biosensors
The performance of the biosensor often depends on how well the biological components are combined to the transducers. This technique is also referred to as “immobilization of biological components” or “interfacial design”. We outline about it.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
3. Sensory organs (1) photo sensors
The eyes of vertebrates are sensory organs which have precise structures, and rods and cones in retina are very sensitive photoreceptors. We outline the mechanism of vision from the viewpoint of physiology and biochemistry.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
4. Sensory organs (2) chemical sensors
Olfaction and gestation are the senses based on chemoreceptors. The structures and functions of the chemoreceptors which function in these senses are similar to those of chemoreceptors of neurons. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms of these senses are outlined.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
5. Chemoreceptors on cell surface
Most of the cells including neurons communicate each other by means of chemical signals. The structures and functions of chemoreceptors on the cell surface are described on molecular level.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
6. Signal transduction in cell
External signals received by the receptors are transduced to intracellular signals. We discuss the molecular mechanism of signal transduction and the elements required for sensors.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
7. Enzyme biosensors (1)
Enzymes have excellent molecular recognition and catalysis. We outline biosensors using enzymes.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
8. Enzyme biosensors (2)
Glucose sensors for diabetes patients are one of the most popular of enzyme biosensors. We outline glucose sensors. We focus on the mediator, which is the effective electron transfer caused by enzymatic reaction.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
9. Antibody biosensors (1)
We outline biosensors for the detection of biospecific interaction such as antigen-antibody, receptor-ligand, and nucleic base pair association.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
10. Antibody biosensors (2)
We outline one system, BIAcore developed by BIAcore AB (Uppsala, Sweden) into a widely used commercial instrument for biospecific interaction. This system adopts surface plasmon resonance effects.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
11. DNA biosensors
The human genome encodes approximately 100,000 different genes. DNA (gene) chip, which is microarrays of immobilized DNA or oligonucleotides, enable the short periods and simple detection of DNA diagnosis. We outline DNA chip.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
12. Microbial biosensors
Not only biomolecules but whole microbial are used in the sensing element for biosensors. We outline microbial biosensors e.g. BOD (biological oxygen demand) sensor, which is the value for environmental pollution.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
13. Micro-biosensors
We outline micro-biosensors fabricated by semiconductor microtechnique or micromachining. Several advantages for micro-biosensors are (1) micro-biosensors allow small features to be measured, providing extremely high spatial resolution. (2) A small amount of measurement volumes is possible while retaining relatively high concentrations of original sample.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
14. Biomimetic sensors
We outline biomimetic sensors. Sensing element is artificial elements, which mimic the biological component such as enzymes or antibodies. The element has some advantages under industrial application.
Give instructions on the before lecture 100minutes
Total. - - 1400minutes
Relationship between 'Goals and Objectives' and 'Course Outcomes'

1 Total.
1. 30% 30%
2. 30% 30%
3. 40% 40%
Total. 100% -
Evaluation method and criteria
Small examination 30%, Final report 70%,
Textbooks and reference materials
“Introduction to Biosensors” H. Muguruma, Corona publishing company.
"Super sensors in living organisms" M. Tsuda et al., Kyoritsu publishing company.
“Biosensors Fundamentals and Applications” T. Turner et al. Oxford University Press.
Prerequisites
Knowledge of basic electronics, chemistry, and biology
Office hours and How to contact professors for questions
  • Tuesday 12:30-13:20 Room 9B27
Regionally-oriented
Non-regionally-oriented course
Development of social and professional independence
  • Course that cultivates an ability for utilizing knowledge
Active-learning course
More than one class is interactive
Course by professor with work experience
Work experience Work experience and relevance to the course content if applicable
Applicable 企業とバイオセンサの開発を行った経験を活かし、バイオセンサを教授する。
Education related SDGs:the Sustainable Development Goals
  • 3.GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
  • 9.INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Last modified : Wed Mar 31 04:08:22 JST 2021